Answer each of the
following questions (there is only one correct answer to each question).
1
According to the text, experts in addiction medicine define substance addiction as
A. the ingestion of a chemically
active agent.
B. a compulsive, maladaptive dependence resulting in adverse physical, psychological and legal outcomes.
C. a maladaptive pattern of use leading to difficulties in meeting major obligations.
D. a cluster of cognitive, behavioral and physical symptoms with continued use despite problems.
2
Development of tolerance for a drug, with increasing
amounts needed to produce the desired effect, is considered an indication
of drug:
A. use
B. abuse
C. dependence
D. preference
3
The largest and most highly developed structure in the
human brain, responsible for complex thought and action, is the:
A. cerebral cortex
B. cerebellum
C. diencephalon
D. limbic system
4
Neurotransmission, the transfer of a message from one
nerve cell to another, is accomplished through:
A. direct contact between the axon of one cell
and the dendrites of another
B. release of chemical substances into the space
between the cells
C. an electrical charge created between the cell’s
nuclei
D. all of the above
5
The mesolimbic dopamine system of the brain, also known
as the pleasure circuit, contains all of the following structures except:
A. the nucleus accumbens in the limbic system
B. the ventral tegmental area of the brainstem
C. the cerebellar hemispheres
D. the frontal cerebral cortex
6
Drugs that affect the way the brain works do so by:
A. mimicking the effects of a natural neurotransmitter
B. blocking neuroreceptors
C. causing excessive release of neurotransmitters
D. all of the above
7
Marijuana creates feelings of euphoria, relaxation,
and heightened sensation by:
A. stimulating the dopamine pathway within the
pleasure circuit
B. causing cascades of serotonin to be released
into the brain
C. increasing the activity level of neurons throughout
the brain
D. causing the brain to create more cannabinoid
receptors
8
Children whose mothers used marijuana before and during
gestation have a significantly increased risk for:
A. nonlymphoblastic leukemia
B. juvenile diabetes
C. spina bifida and other neural tube defects
D. learning disabilities
9
Adverse physical effects of marijuana use include:
A. chronic diarrhea
B. loss of appetite
C. headache
D. itchy, scaly skin
10
In addition to adolescents and young adults, persons
at high risk for development of marijuana abuse include those:
A. diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder
B. subjected to chronic low levels of stress
C. engaged in high risk occupations
D. all of the above
11
In comparison to powder cocaine, "crack" is:
A. more likely to be injected or inhaled
B. preferred for the slow, steady euphoria it
produces
C. unlikely to produce addiction or other health
consequences
D. less expensive to produce and to buy
12
The process of inhaling cocaine powder through the nostrils,
where it is absorbed into the bloodstream through the nasal tissues,
is known as:
A. huffing
B. snorting
C. mainlining
D. freebasing
13
Medical complications of cocaine use include all of
the following except:
A. loss of sense of smell
B. suneurological problems such as seizure or
stroke
C. significant weight gain
D. abdominal pain and nausea
14
Recent research has indicated that "crack babies,"
whose mothers used cocaine during their pregnancy:
A. suffered severe brain damage leading to reduced
intelligence and lack of social skills
B. are likely to have reduced life expectancy
C. may have difficulty concentrating when they
reach school age
D. should expect no ill effects from the cocaine
exposure
15
Treatment of individuals for cocaine addiction is complicated
by the fact that they:
A. may have sustained permanent biological changes
in their brains
B. often use multiple drugs in addition to cocaine
C. present with a wide variety of psychological
and social issues
D. all of the above
16
Most of the methamphetamine used in the United States
is:
A. imported from Asia and South America
B. manufactured in small clandestine laboratories
from inexpensive, easy to obtain materials
C. diverted from pharmacy stocks intended for
legitimate medical use
D. smuggled in from Europe, where it is legal
17
Oral ingestion of methamphetamine produces:
A. an immediate, intensely pleasurable rush that
lasts for about three minutes
B. a noticeable high within fifteen to twenty
minutes of the dose
C. marked agitation and paranoia in most users
D. feelings of alertness and well being that
can last for days
18
Long-term abusers of methamphetamine may experience
"formication", which is:
A. gradual deformity of the face and neck
B. engaging in illicit sex in exchange for drugs
C. the sensation of insects crawling on one’s
skin
D. excess production of mucus
19
Chronic use of methamphetamine leads to:
A. chronic somnolence and fatigue
B. damage to dopamine producing cells in the
brain
C. clear physical manifestations of withdrawal
D. an irreversible psychotic state
20
Emergency room treatment of amphetamine overdose should
focus on:
A. immediate physical symptoms of hyperthermia
or convulsions
B. administration of prophylactic doses of narcoleptics
for possible psychosis
C. use of benzodiazepines to calm the patient
D. sedation and observation
21
At this time the most effective treatments for methamphetamine
abuse are:
A. antidepressants
B. anxiolytics combined with group and family
counseling
C. cognitive and behavioral interventions
D. 12 step recovery support programs
22
Abuse of Ritalin and other medications used to treat
ADHD has been documented among:
A. elementary school children
B. middle and high school students
C. street addicts
D. all of the above
23
Two important effects produced by the naturally occurring
endorphins and opiate drugs alike are:
A. enhanced alertness and energy
B. pleasure and pain relief
C. euphoria and relaxation
D. confidence and sociability
24
Death from a heroin overdose is usually due to:
A. asphyxiation from aspiration of stomach contents
B. severe cardiac arrhythmia
C. uncontrolled seizures
D. brain stem mediated respiratory arrest
25
Heroin is preferred over other opiates by most street
users because it:
A. enters the brain and produces its effects
more quickly
B. is more predictable in its strength, duration,
and effects
C. can be obtained more easily
D. is less likely to cause addiction
26
Symptoms of heroin withdrawal include all of the following
except:
A. muscle and bone pain
B. "cold turkey"
C. somnolence and stupor
D. diarrhea and vomiting
27
Medications that may be used to treat heroin addiction
include:
A. LAAM
B. diazepam
C. meperidine
D. phencyclidine
28
Buprenorphine is an attractive treatment for heroin addiction because it:
A. causes weaker opiate effects.
B. is less expensive than alternative medications
C. has a proven track record in the United States
D. all of the above
29
The opiate analog drug MPTP causes its users to develop:
A. decreased tolerance for heroin, with increased
risk for overdose
B. clubbing of the fingers and toes
C. Parkinson-like immobility
D. heart arrhythmias and respiratory problems
30
Which of the following hallucinogens is considered to
be addictive?
A. LSD
B. MDMA
C. mescaline
D. psilocybin
31
LSD users may experience synesthesia, which is defined
as:
A. feeling that one’s body is changing shape
B. perceiving oneself as hearing colors or seeing
sounds
C. experiencing several emotions simultaneously
D. fearing death or loss of control
32
Research and clinical evidence indicate that LSD-induced
persistent psychosis:
A. may result in marked blunting of affect
B. includes vivid visual disturbances and hallucinations
C. usually occurs after prolonged, regular LSD
use
D. only affects persons with a history of psychological
problems
33
A dose of 5mg or less of PCP is likely to produce:
A. slow, labored breathing
B. elevated blood pressure
C. hypothermia
D. insensitivity to pain
34
An overdose of dextromethorphan, found in over the counter
cough and cold remedies, is likely to produce:
A. distorted visual perceptions
B. feelings of dissociation
C. ketamine-like effects
D. all of the above
35
The street names Adam, hug, and beans refer to the club
drug:
A. MDMA
B. LSD
C. ketamine
D. methamphetamine
36
Recent studies have indicated that use of Ecstasy may
result in:
A. significant reduction of serotonin producing
brain cells
B. birth defects in children of chronic users
C. persistent symptoms of paranoia and disorientation
D. all of the above
37
All of the following drugs have been frequently implicated
in "drug rape" except:
A. ketamine
B. GHB
C. rohypnol
D. LSD
38
Nitrites are considered to be a special class of inhalants
because they:
A. act on the blood vessels and muscles rather
than the brain
B. are not available in any commercial products
C. are used primarily by children and younger
adolescents
D. act as mood enhancers
39
Data from national and state surveys indicate that inhalant
abuse:
A. reaches its peak during 11th and 12th grade
B. is consistently more common among boys than
girls
C. very rarely extends into adulthood
D. is associated with poor grades and school
dropouts
40
Most inhalants produce their effects by:
A. depressing the central nervous system
B. acting as CNS stimulants
C. binding to opiate receptors in the brain’s
pleasure circuit
D. altering glucose metabolism in the brain
41
DHEA and Andro, taken for their anabolic effects, are
available:
A. for legal purchase in health food stores
B. by prescription only
C. by mail or Internet order from foreign sources
only
D. only from illegal manufacturers
42
Steroid abuse is growing most rapidly among:
A. elementary and middle school-age boys
B. young women
C. professional athletes
D. middle age and older men
43
One of the main reasons people give for using steroids
is to:
A. improve their performance in sports
B. counter the side effects of cardiovascular
medications
C. slow the aging process
D. enhance sexual arousal and performance
44
The most commonly abused classes of prescription drugs
include all of the following except:
A. opioids
B. stimulants
C. anticonvulsants
D. CNS depressants
45
Intubation of the drug overdose patient should occur:
A. immediately upon admission as a precautionary
measure
B. upon completion of gastric lavage
C. whenever the patient’s level of consciousness
begins to decline
D. after administration of specific drug antidotes
46
The general principles for treatment of drug abuse include
all of the following except:
A. Treatment needs to be available and readily
accessible.
B. The treatment plan should be modified as necessary
to meet changing needs.
C. Adequate duration of treatment is essential
for success.
D. Treatment should focus on the drug abuse rather
than related psychosocial issues.
47
Research indicates that for most patients, the threshold
of significant improvement is reached at about:
A. 6 weeks in treatment
B. 3 months in treatment
C. 6 months in treatment
D. 18 months in treatment
48
The goal of medical detoxification is to:
A. manage acute symptoms of drug withdrawal
B. assess the patient’s commitment and motivation
for treatment
C. alter chronic drug use patterns
D. eliminate the patient’s addiction to
the drug
49
Protective factors associated with reduced potential
for drug use include:
A. strong and positive family bonds
B. clear and consistent rules of conduct
C. acceptance of conventional norms regarding
drug abuse
D. all of the above
50
Effective drug abuse prevention programs are:
A. very expensive, but necessary to prevent human
suffering
B. disappearing due to competing claims on the
shrinking health care dollar
C. cost effective in reducing community expenditures
for drug treatment and counseling
D. increasingly seen as the responsibility of
the private sector
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